Electronics

1. ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) is the official name that American National Standards Institute group X3T10 uses for what the computer industry calls Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE). The link below gives a clear idea about the ATA.

Advanced Technology Attachment(ATA)

2. To know about IDE controllers and their working principles go through the link below

IDE Controllers

3. Hard Disk: A hard disk drive (HDD), commonly referred to as a hard drive or hard disk, is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. For detailed information visit the link below.

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

4. RAM (Random Access Memory): Random access memory (usually known by its acronym, RAM) is a type of data storage used in computers. It takes the form of integrated circuits that allow the stored data to be accessed in any order — that is, at random and without the physical movement of the storage medium or a physical reading head.
To know more about the importance of RAM and its working go through the links below.

How RAM Works
Importance of RAM Size
Different Memory Types
Choose the best RAM for your Motherboard -- Enter your motherboard specifications and find out which RAM will be best for your system.

5. Flash Memory: It is non-volatile computer memory that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. It is a technology that is primarily used in memory cards, USB flash drives (thumb drives, handy drive, memory stick, flash stick, jump drive), which are used for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products. It is a specific type of EEPROM that is erased and programmed in large blocks; in early flash the entire chip had to be erased at once. Flash memory costs far less than byte-programmable EEPROM and therefore has become the dominant technology wherever a significant amount of non-volatile, solid-state storage is needed. Examples of applications include PDAs and laptop computers, digital audio players, digital cameras and mobile phones. It has also gained some popularity in the game console market, where it is often used instead of EEPROMs or battery-powered static RAM (SRAM) for game save data.

Go through the link below to know more about flash memory.

More about Flash Memory
Types of Memory Cards
All About Memory Cards

6. Graphics Card: Video or graphics circuitry, usually fitted to a card but sometimes found on the motherboard itself, is responsible for creating the picture displayed by a monitor. On early text-based PCs this was a fairly mundane task. However, the advent of graphical operating systems dramatically increased the amount of information needing to be displayed to levels where it was impractical for it to be handled by the main processor. The solution was to off-load the handling of all screen activity to a more intelligent generation of graphics card.
To know how graphics cards work visit the link below.

How Graphics Cards Work

7. Facts of Basic Electronics

Please visit the above link for very good articles on basic electronis stuff which we come across in our day to day life.